Estimation of Ground Subsidence Deformation Induced by Underground Coal Mining with GNSS-IR

In this paper, GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) is firstly proposed to estimate ground surface subsidence caused by underground coal mining. Ground on the main direction of a seam described using probability integral model (PIM) with unknown parameters. Based laws reflection in geometric optics, signal-to-noise (SNR) observation for tilt surface, which results from differential points, derived. Semi-cycle SNR observations fitting method used determine phase series. Phase variation series calculate reflector height specular point. and angle, an iterative algorithm coefficients PIM, thus By low-cost navigational receiver antenna, experimental campaign was conducted validate method. The show that, when maximum 3076 mm, relative error method-based estimation 5.5%. This study also suggests based method, instrument can be treated as new type sensor continuously measuring deformation cost-effective way.